Framing Terminology: Key Terms, Tips, and More

Framing is the backbone of construction, forming the structural support for walls, roofs, and floors. At LS Building Products, we supply everything you need to tackle framing projects, from basic lumber to engineered wood solutions and prefabricated trusses.

Table of Contents:

Key Framing Terms
Parts and Layers of House Framing
Common Framing Materials
Framing Components
How to Frame a Wall
How to Frame a Roof
Framing FAQs

What is House Framing?

House framing involves assembling lumber or engineered wood to create the skeleton of a building. This framework defines the shape and structure of the house, forming the basis for walls, floors, and roofs.

Key Framing Terms

Studs: Vertical pieces of wood or metal that form the frame of a wall.
Joists: Horizontal supports for floors and ceilings.
Trusses: Prefabricated triangular units used for roof and floor support.
Sill Plate: The bottom horizontal part of a wall frame that rests on the foundation.
Header: Structural support above windows and doors.

Parts and Layers of House Framing

Wall Framing: Typically constructed with 2x4 or 2x6 studs for support.
Floor Framing: Uses joists supported by beams to create a strong base for floors.
Roof Framing: Includes rafters or trusses that form the roof structure.

Common Framing Materials

Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF): Economical and versatile.
Douglas Fir: High strength, used for structural beams.
Southern Yellow Pine: Durable, often pressure-treated.
Engineered Wood: Includes options like OSB and plywood for added durability and sustainability.

Framing Components

Beams and Lintels: Horizontal members supporting structures above openings.
Floor Trusses: Offer deflection-free floors and spaces for HVAC systems.
Wall Panels: Prefabricated panels for quicker, consistent assembly.

How to Frame a Wall

1. Layout Preparation

Mark the stud placement on both the top and bottom plates using a measuring tape and pencil. Studs are typically spaced 16 or 24 inches apart from the center. This consistent spacing provides structural integrity and allows for standard insulation installation.

2. Cutting the Studs and Plates

Measure and cut the top and bottom plates to the desired wall length. Cut the studs to match the wall height. Confirm all lumber is cut precisely to prevent issues during assembly.

3. Assemble the Frame

Lay the top and bottom plates parallel on a flat surface and place the studs between them according to the marked layout. Nail or screw the studs securely to the plates at each intersection, forming a solid framework. Double-check for square corners using a framing square.

4. Install Headers and Additional Supports

For walls with door or window openings, install headers above these openings. Headers are built by sandwiching two boards around a spacer to create a strong, load-bearing beam. Add cripple studs above and below window openings to support the header and sill plate, respectively.

5. Raise the Wall Frame

Carefully lift the completed wall frame into position. Use a level to verify the wall is plumb, and brace it temporarily with angled supports. Anchor the bottom plate to the floor or foundation using nails or concrete fasteners, depending on the subfloor type.

6. Secure the Wall in Place

Fasten the top plate to the ceiling joists or upper support beam. Double-check that everything is level and securely attached, adjusting as needed to avoid gaps or misalignment.

7. Add Bracing and Sheathing

Strengthen the wall by adding diagonal bracing or installing plywood or OSB sheathing on one side. This helps prevent the wall from shifting when exposed to wind or other forces. Then, secure the sheathing with appropriate nails or screws, spaced evenly.

Now, your wall is ready for insulation, drywall, and further finishing.

How to Frame a Roof

1. Choose the Roof Design

Select the type of roof you want, such as gabled, hip, or shed. The design will determine the layout and complexity of the framing. Accurately calculate the rise, run, and pitch of the roof. Use a framing square and calculator to ensure precise measurements. This step determines the length of the rafters or selecting the appropriate trusses.

2. Install Beam

Secure the ridge board at the highest point of the roof. This main beam anchors the rafters on either side and must be firmly supported at each end.

3. Cut and Place Rafters

Cut each rafter to size, considering the calculated angle for the correct pitch. Use a saw to make precise cuts, ensuring each rafter fits snugly against the ridge beam and top plate of the wall. Attach rafters using nails or framing connectors for added stability.

4. Secure Rafters to the Wall Plate

Position each rafter on the top wall plate, ensuring that they align according to the marked layout. Use nails or specialized hardware such as hurricane ties or metal brackets to fasten the rafters securely to the wall plate. This reinforcement is essential to stabilize the roof frame and prevent it from shifting due to wind forces or other environmental factors. Ensure the rafters are evenly spaced and level across the structure to maintain the integrity and symmetry of the roof.

5. Install Collar Ties and Ceiling Joists

Install collar ties to strengthen the roof structure and prevent the rafters from spreading under heavy loads. Place them horizontally in the upper third of the roof's height and secured with nails or screws to opposing rafters. This adds stability and helps maintain its shape during wind or snow loads.

For additional support, install ceiling joists between the wall plates at the base of the rafters. Ceiling joists not only reinforce the walls but also provide a surface for ceiling finishes and contribute to overall structural integrity. Ensure all ties and joists are level and securely fastened to prevent future movement.

6. Add Roof Sheathing

After framing, cover the structure with OSB sheathing. Secure the sheathing with nails spaced appropriately to prevent movement, ensuring a firm base for the final roofing material.

This comprehensive approach helps guarantee your roof frame is strong, well-supported, weatherproofed, and has additional roofing layers.

Energy-Efficient Framing Tips

Often referred to as advanced framing, energy-efficient framing optimizes both material use and performance. These methods replace unnecessary wood components with insulation while preserving structural integrity.

Advanced framing may include wider stud spacing (e.g., 24-inch centers instead of the conventional 16-inch) and the use of engineered wood products, ensuring uniformity and minimizing waste. This approach reduces thermal bridging, the transfer of heat through framing materials, by limiting redundant lumber. The result is a more efficient thermal envelope that supports modern energy codes and sustainable building practices.

Air sealing is a crucial aspect of energy-efficient framing, as it prevents air infiltration that can compromise insulation effectiveness. Properly sealing joints between framing and concrete, such as caulk or foam, can enhance airtightness and improve overall energy performance, supporting compliance with energy codes and sustainability goals.

Framing FAQs

How long does it take to frame a house?

For a standard home, framing can take 1-3 weeks, depending on size and complexity.

Is engineered wood better than traditional lumber?

Engineered wood offers greater stability and uniformity, making it ideal for many modern building applications.

Why use prefabricated trusses?

Trusses save time, reduce labor, and ensure precise structural integrity.

Can framing be energy-efficient?

Yes, through techniques like advanced framing and using engineered wood products.

Partner with LS Building Products for Your Framing Needs

At LS Building Products, we pride ourselves on providing high-quality framing materials, trusses, and engineered wood tailored to your construction needs. From premium-grade lumber to prefabricated components, we support your projects with expertise and competitive pricing.

Explore our full range of framing products and contact us today to get started on your next build!